The pandemic continues to create ripple effects in the global economy. From no growth in 2020 to rapid growth in 2021 to slow growth in 2022.
Looking at 2023 with a base case of recessions in the United States, Europe, and the United Kingdom and growth in China should be below trend for at least a good portion of next year.
But what are the growth drivers for infrastructure in 2023, and how have recent macro drivers created tailwinds for the asset class?
Macro drivers
On top of its relative appeal versus equities, infrastructure should benefit from several macro drivers in 2023 and beyond. First, energy security is driving policy globally, and a significant amount of infrastructure will need to be built to attain energy security.
High gas prices and supply constraints brought on by the Russia/Ukraine war highlighted the importance of energy security and energy investment.
This is supportive of energy infrastructure, particularly in Europe, where additional capacity is needed to supplant Russian oil, and in the United States, where new basins are starting up, in part to meet fresh demand from Europe.
Market impact on infrastructure
Bond yields are likely to push higher heading into 2023 before abating along with inflation later in the year. For equities, contracting multiples driven by higher bond yields have characterized the first part of this bear market.
The second phase of bear markets is generally an earnings recession, this is expected to be a force, particularly in early 2023. However, the impact on infrastructure should be muted, particularly for regulated assets, where the companies generate their cash flows, earnings and dividends from their underlying asset bases.
Those asset bases are expected to increase over the next several years. As a result, infrastructure earnings look better protected when compared with global equities.
Utilities look poised to perform well
Most infrastructure companies have a link to inflation in their revenue or returns. Regulated assets, such as utilities, have their regulated allowed returns adjusted for changes in bond yields over time.
As real yields rise, utilities look poised to perform well. As a result, changes in inflation and bond yields don’t generally impact the underlying valuations of infrastructure assets.
However, we have seen equity market volatility associated with higher bond yields impact the prices of listed infrastructure securities, making them more compelling when compared with unlisted infrastructure valuations in the private markets.
Demand for new transport infrastructure
In transport, changing trade routes and adjustments to supply chains to bring production closer to home, either through reshoring or near-shoring, are driving demand for new transport infrastructure.
Airports are still struggling to return to pre-pandemic passenger levels, and which will likely be interrupted by a global recession in 2023. In addition, the industry is facing changes in long-term trends like business travel.
Communications infrastructure continues to roll out 5G, develop 6G technology, and is working to reduce network latency, driving significant investments in wireless tower businesses, generally undertaken under long-term inflation-linked contracts. However, in the short term, higher interest costs are hitting the bottom line.
Changes in the US will be transformative
In terms of fiscal policy, the US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), signed into law in August 2022, is one of the most significant pieces of climate legislation in US history. This is likely to be industry-transformative for utilities and renewables in particular.
The growing need for electrification – including more electric vehicles charging infrastructure and more residential and smaller commercial rooftop solar – will require new substations, new transformers and upgraded wires along distribution networks.
We can already see its impact in the 2023 capital expenditures plans of utilities, together with the forward order books of companies involved in the energy transition – such as renewable, storage and components suppliers – increasing their growth profiles.
One major macro takeaway from the IRA: there is no reason to build anything other than renewables from now on. The main reason? Tax credits.
Production tax credits for solar/wind are available until 2032 or until a 75% reduction in greenhouse gases is achieved (based off 2022 numbers). Either way, this is expected to be a tailwind for investment for well over a decade.
Secular growth drivers for infrastructure should be on full display in 2023. US President Joe Biden wants to reduce emissions by 50% in the United States by 2030, with roughly half of US power coming from solar plants by 2050.
It will require nearly $320bn to be invested in electricity transmission infrastructure by 2030 to meet net zero by 2050.
The dire need for infrastructure spending underpins growth for the next decade and beyond, and the first steps for meeting these long-term goals are being taken now.
Charles Hamieh is managing director and portfolio manager of the ClearBridge Investments part of Franklin Templeton. The views expressed above should not be taken as investment advice.